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pol pot

Alias : Uncle,1 Uncle Pol,2 Brother [Bang] No. 1 or First Brother, Pol, Grand Uncle, 87, Phem, 99, Saloth Sar3

POL Pot (1925-1998) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea (“CPK”) and Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea (“DK”). He died of heart failure in 1998 while at liberty at the Thai-Cambodian border.

Explore the Khmer Rouge hierarchy to understand his role in the secretive system.

https://backend.eccc.gov.kh/uploads/pol_pot_detail_1b4b51185a.png

Key Findings

The Trial Chamber in Case 002/01 and Case 002/02 found that Pol Pot:
  • Was a member of a joint criminal enterprise with CPK leaders with the common purpose to “implement rapid socialist revolution through a ‘great leap forward’ and defend the Party against internal and external enemies, by whatever means.” 24
  • Exercised ultimate decision-making power in Democratic Kampuchea with Nuon Chea, drafted the first CPK Statute with Nuon Chea, and formulated the Party’s political line. 25
  • Regularly met with Khieu Samphan, Nuon Chea, and other CPK leaders concerning the ongoing revolution and administration of liberated zones. 26
  • Travelled throughout the country with Nuon Chea and other CPK leaders, disseminating the Party line to zone and sector secretaries, assemblies, and committees, and led education sessions in Phnom Penh. 27
  • Planned the evacuation of populations from the cities to rural areas. 28
  • Praised the creation and expansion of cooperatives and the collection of thousands of forces at worksites where irrigation projects were underway. 29
  • Was informed about measures to be taken against traitors within the revolutionary ranks according to the Central Committee’s decision giving the lower levels “the right to smash, inside and outside the ranks.” 30
  • Accompanied Chinese Vice-Premier, Chen Yonggui, to visit the Trapeang Thma Dam and the East Zone with other senior CPK leaders. 31
  • Visited the 1st January Dam on multiple occasions with Nuon Chea. 32
  • Ordered purges in the East Zone and the attack on Vietnam in 1977. 33
  • Outlined the CPK’s “one against 30” policy that every Cambodian should kill at least 30 Vietnamese. 34
  • Spoke about the presence of enemies inside the country during mass rallies and political training sessions. 35

Disclaimer

Pol Pot was not a suspect, charged person, or accused in any proceedings before the ECCC. Therefore, the findings of the Extraordinary Chambers cannot be equated to findings of guilt against him.

Some information may be sourced from confessions which were obtained under torture. The reliability of such information should be treated with caution. See Decision on Evidence Obtained Through Torture.

Drag

1925

19 May
Born.4

1940

Attended Sisowath High School in Phnom Penh, where he met Ieng Sary.5

1950

1950-1953
Was a member of the Marxist Circle while studying in France along with other Khmer students such as Ieng Sary, Ieng Thirith, and Son Sen.6

1958

1958-1960
Drafted the first Party Statute along with Nuon Chea and others and began formulating the Party’s political line.7

1960

Became a member of the Standing Committee of Workers’ Party of Kampuchea (“WPK”) with Tou Samuth, Nuon Chea, and Ieng Sary, among others.8

1963

Appointed as Party Secretary at the Second Party Congress, following Tou Samuth’s death.9
1963-1964
Named as one of the 34 suspected “leftists” in a list published by Norodom Sihanouk.10

1965

1965-1966
Visited Vietnam and China to unveil the recently formulated strategic lines of the CPK.11

1971

Presided over the Third Party Congress with Nuon Chea.12

1974

June
Met other CPK leaders in Meak village in Prek Kok commune to discuss plans for the final assault and evacuation of Phnom Penh and other urban centres.13

1975

April
Frequently met with other senior CPK leaders at his residence at K-1 in Phnom Penh.14
June
Ordered the arrest of Koy Thuon and went to Hanoi with Nuon Chea to discuss the border clashes with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam’s leader, Nguyen Van Linh.15
22 July
Attended a CPK rally at the Olympic Stadium in Phnom Penh to announce the formation of a new Revolutionary Army of Kampuchea and Division 801.16

1976

April
Appointed Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea.17
September
Provisionally relieved of his duties as Prime Minister but continued to lecture at or attend political training sessions until 1977.18

1977

27 September
Publicly announced the existence of the CPK at a mass rally.19

1978

Early 1978
Outlined the “one against 30” CPK policy according to which every Cambodian should kill at least 30 Vietnamese, and attended a meeting at Boeng Trabaek where Son Sen announced the plan to purge East Zone cadres.20

1979

Met with Ieng Sary and Khieu Samphan in Pursat province after the fall of the CPK regime in January 1979 to direct the conflict with the Vietnamese.21
August
Tried in absentia along with Ieng Sary, convicted, and sentenced to death by the People’s Revolutionary Tribunal.22

1998

15 April
Died in a Khmer Rouge encampment on the Thai-Cambodian border.23